See the following link:
https://mit.whoi.edu/page.do?pid=35555&tid=1423&cid=47886
This article mentions some of the difficulties in identifying bacteria in waters around swimming beaches. Though tested on a weekly basis, the water sample analysis could be inaccurate representations of the full body of water at the time of reporting.
Millions of dollars are spent on grant money by the USEPA to help monitor New England waters. There is a list of actions that citizens can take to help the program. See the following link
https://www.epa.gov/region1/eco/beaches/
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