One of the critiques of null hypothesis testing is that, in reality, the null hypothesis is rarely, if ever, literally true. For example, you would rarely (if ever) expect the population mean to be, say, exactly 25 (as might be tested in a 2-tailed test).
First, a) give a concrete example of carrying out a hypothesis test that demonstrates this critique and b) say why/how the critique applies in this example.
Then, c) describe some additional statistical analysis/procedure that could be used (in general) to supplement a hypothesis test to (at least partially) address the critique and d) say why this would address the critique.