Question 1 : William F. Buckley Jr. defined  conservatives as people who stand athwart history, yelling Stop, at a  time when no one is inclined to do so, or to have much patience with  those who so urge it. Detail the ideological differences between modern  liberalism and conservatism. How and why did conservatism become the  dominant political philosophy after decades of liberal presidents? Give  specific examples.

Question 2 : In 1991, the Soviet Union collapsed,  bringing nearly fifty years of global tension to a close. How did the  Cold War dominate American politics and foreign policy? Should the end  of the Cold War be considered a turning point in American history?  Consider foreign policy before and after the Cold War and defend your  answer with evidence.