ResearchChapter_06.ppt
Week3.docx
March 29, 2022WritingforNursingModule4Discussion.docx
March 29, 2022Qualitative Approaches to Research
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- Process of learning and constructing the meaning of human experience through intensive dialogue with persons who are living the experience
- Rests on the assumption that there is a structure and essence to shared experiences that can be narrated
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- Research question
- Researcher’s perspective
- Sample selection
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- Data saturation- the situation of obtaining the full range of themes from the participants, so that in interviewing additional participants, no new data are emerging.
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- Read the participants’ narratives
- Extract significant statements
- Formulate meanings for each of these significant statements
- Repeat this process
- Integrate the resulting themes
- Reduce these themes to an essential structure
- Return to the participants to conduct further interviews
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Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1990, 1986 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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- Inductive approach involving a systematic set of procedures to arrive at a theory about basic social processes
- Widely used by social scientists, largely because it describes a research approach to construct theory where no theory exists or in situations where existing theory fails to provide evidence to explain a set of circumstances
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- Identifying phenomena
- Structuring the study
- Data gathering
- Data analysis
- Theoretical sampling
- Constant comparative method
- Describing the findings
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- Focuses on scientific description and interpretation of cultural or social groups and systems
- The goal of the ethnographer is to understand the research participants’ views of their world, or the emic view.
- Emic (insiders’) view differs from etic (outsiders’) view, which is obtained when the researcher uses quantitative analyses of behavior.
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- The view of the person experiencing the phenomenon and reflective of culture, values, beliefs, and experiences
- What is it like to experience a particular phenomenon or to be part of a specific culture?
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- Use quotes from participants
- Group concepts into themes
- Themes: labels that assist the reader in understanding an experience from the emic (insiders’) perspective
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- Trustworthiness describes the credibility and validity of qualitative research.
- The researcher promotes trustworthiness by using quotes to illustrate the richness of the data and to establish a relationship between the themes identified and the data.
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- Phenomenon of interest
What is the phenomenon of interest, and is it clearly stated?
What is the justification for using a qualitative method?
What are the philosophic underpinnings of the research method?
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- Purpose
What is the purpose of the study?
What is the possible significance of the work to nursing?
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- Method
Is the method used to collect data compatible with the purpose of the research?
Is the method adequate to address the phenomenon of interest?
If a particular approach is used to guide the inquiry, is the study completed according to the processes described?
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- Sampling
What type of sampling is used? Is it appropriate given the particular method?
Are the participants who were chosen appropriate to inform the research?
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- Data collection
Are data focused on human experience?
Does the researcher describe data collection strategies (e.g., interview, observation, field notes)?
Is protection of participants addressed?
Is saturation of the data described?
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- Data analysis
What strategies are used to analyze data?
Are steps described for data analysis followed?
Are credibility, auditability, and fittingness of the data described?
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- Credibility
Do the participants recognize the experience as their own?
Has adequate time been allowed to understand the phenomenon fully?
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- Auditability
Can the reader follow the researcher’s reasoning?
Does the researcher document the research process?
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Definition: criterion of scientific rigor for qualitative research when the research report leads the reader from the research question and raw data through the steps of analysis and interpretation of the data
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- Fittingness
Are the findings applicable to other, similar situations?
Are the results meaningful to nursing?
Is the strategy used for analysis compatible with the purpose of the study?
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- Findings
Are the findings presented within a context?
Is the reader able to comprehend the “essence of the experience” from the report?
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Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1990, 1986 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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- Findings
Are the researcher’s conceptualizations (themes) true to the data?
Does the researcher place the report in the context of what is already known?
Was the existing literature on the topic related to the findings?
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- Conclusions, implications, and recommendations
Do the conclusions, implications, and recommendations give a context to use the findings?
Do the conclusions reflect the study findings?
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- Conclusions, implications, and recommendations
What are the recommendations for future study? Do they reflect the findings?
How has the researcher made explicit the significance to nursing theory, research, or practice?
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Phenomenology
Grounded theory
Ethnography
Case study
Community-based participatory research
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ANSWER: E
RATIONALE: Community-based participatory research (CBPR). Change or action is the intended “end-product” of CBPR, and action research is a term related to CBPR.
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