: How do different prison systems across nations compare in their goals in retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, or rehabilitation for the prisoner and how does the emphasis or lack thereof placed on each goal contribute to recidivism rates?

Need 6 scholarly sources
High quality sources include:
books published by academic presses, or well-regarded publishing houses
academic journal articles
news reports in the papers of record (Links to an external site.) (eg: New York Times, Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, Telegraph (UK), London Times (UK), international examples (Links to an external site.))