Ethics of Sham Surgery in Parkinson’s’ Disease Patients. I. Introduction a. The controversy (or ethics) of using ˜sham surgery’ in Parkinson’s disease patients. i. Define sham surgery, Parkinson’s disease (PD), placebo, neurosurgery, fetal cell transplantation, burr holes¦ b. Is it ethical or unethical to use ˜sham surgery’ in Parkinson’s disease patients? c. Thesis II. Explanation of Position One (The first philosopher/opinion) a. For Sham Surgery in PD patients III. Explanation of Position Two (The second philosopher/opinion) a. Against Sham Surgery in PD patients IV. Compare & Contrast the two positions a. Difference between philosopher 1 & 2 b. Similarities between philosopher 1& 2 V. My position a. Defend position for sham surgery in PD patients VI. Criticize the position I chose (from the perspective of other position) a. No sham surgery in PD patients VII. Re-defend original position a. Defend position for sham surgery in PDpatients VIII. Conclusion References Albin, R. L. (2002). Sham surgery controls: intracerebral grafting of fetal tissue for Parkinson’s disease and proposed criteria for use of sham surgery controls. Journal of Medical Ethics, 28(5), 322- 325. Clark, P. (2002). Placebo surgery for Parkinson’s disease: Do the benefits outweigh the risks. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 30(1), 58-68. Dekkers, W., & Boer, G. (2001). Sham neurosurgery in patients with Parkinson’s disease: is it morally acceptable?. Journal of Medical Ethics, 27(3), 151-156. Fletcher, J. (2003). Sham neurosurgery in Parkinson’s disease: Ethical at the time. The American Journal of Bioethics, 3(4), 54-56. Hildt, E. (2009). Ethical challenges in cell-based interventions for neurological conditions: Some lessons to be learnt from clinical transplantation trials in patients with Parkinson’s disease. The American Journal of Bioethics, 9(5), 37-38. Lewis, S., Caldwell, M., & Barker, R. (2003). Modern therapeutic approaches in Parkinson’s disease. Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine, 5(10), 1-20. Swift, T., & Huxtable, R. (2011). The ethics of sham surgery in Parkinson’s disease: Back to the future?. Bioethics, doi: