Identify which of the following costs are fixed and which are variable:

a. Property taxes on a factory building

b. Sales commission

c. Heat and air conditioning for a plant

d. Regular maintenance on machinery and equipment

e. Factory fire insurance

f. Basic raw materials used in production

g. Salaries paid to design engineers

h. Electricity for machinery and equipment in a plant

i. Property taxes on an administrative building

j. Wages paid to temporary workers

2. Identify the following costs into either being product cost or period cost:

a. Fire insurance premium paid on factory buildings

b. Electric bill for the warehouse operation

c. Material handling cost related to production

d. Salary paid for plant manager

e. Salary paid for engineers

f. Leasing expense for forklift trucks in warehouse operation

g. Wages incurred in producing products

h. Income taxes paid

i. Interest expenses on borrowed funds

j. Raw material costs

3. Identify the following costs as being either variable or fixed in respect to volume or level of activity:

a. Sugar used in ice cream production

b. Electricity for heating and cooling the factory building

c. Electricity for operation of machines

d. Janitorial and custodial salaries

e. Lubricants used for machines

f. Paint shop superintendent’s salary

g. Rent on a factory building

h. Labor costs in assembling a product

i. RFID (Radio-frequency identification) units embedded in the final product during shipping

j. CPU chips used in notebook production

4. A company in its first year of operation expects the following financial results from a project:

Sales revenue: $500,000

Variable costs: $155,000

Fixed costs: $80,000

Compute the break-even point in units sold if the company expects to produce and sell 15,000 units.