Q. A 22-year-old man was in a motorcycle accident with resultant neck injuries that led to partial paralysis of the upper and lower limbs. Approximately immediately his chest felt heavy and he became dyspneic. His pulmonary function values were as follows: Vital capacity (supine): 650 mL Minute ventilation (supine): 6 L/min Respiratory rate (supine): 30 b/min PaO2: 61 mm Hg PaCO2: 47 mm Hg

What are the values for the tidal volume (TV) and the alveolar ventilation (AV) for this individual? (Assume a normal value for dead space.) Compare with normal. a. Tidal volume = b. Alveolar ventilation = 2. What is contributing to the decreased alveolar ventilation? 3. Which nerves and muscles are involved in this problem? 4. How is the residual volume affected? 5. Define dyspnea. 6. What is causing the dyspnea in this individual?