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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Aim

The aim will identify and analysis the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Smart Cities for Smart Decision-Making for Healthcare sector.

1.2. General Introduction

Artificial intelligence technology is becoming more popular and is widely used by the majority of health care facilities around the world. However, the adoption of this technology has been slow and gradual and has only picked momentum in recent years. Artificial intelligence was first introduced in health care in the late 1950s (Greenhill and Edmunds, 2020). During that time, there were many limitations and hence, the AI technology was not as effective as it is today. Some of the challenges were; lack of proper training programs on how the AI systems work; the high cost of installing the AI systems; limited technology that could help the health care providers to properly incorporate the AI systems in their services. In recent years, the majority of health facilities have overcome these challenges. Today, more than 50% of health care facilities in the world have adopted AI systems which have helped to improve operational efficiency, enhanced precise medication, predict clinical outcomes and also reduce the workload among the health care providers (Park et al., 2019). However, AI systems are more common in European countries than in African countries. As it stands, the majority of hospitals in Africa have poor infrastructure that does not permit the full implementation of artificial intelligence systems.

This project aims to analyse how the impact of artificial intelligence systems on smart cities for smart decision making in health cares. However, the main emphasis will be on countries in the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC). As Yeasmin (2019) states, the majority of countries in the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC) including Dubai, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Oman, and Kuwait have started to develop smart cities. These countries are using data and technology to create economic development, improve sustainability and enhance the quality of life for their people. Therefore, this research will evaluate how the GCC members can implement artificial development in their health care systems to increase the quality of treatment, diagnose diseases and improve clinical decision making. The main motivation of this research is that AI systems can be used in health care systems to obtain insights into clinical practice, improve feedback of clinical practices and also reduce therapeutic errors in medical delivery.

1.3. Research Questions

the research questions are one of the main pieces of your exploration venture, theory or exposition. It's critical to invest some energy surveying and refining your inquiry before you begin. The specific type of your inquiry will rely upon the length of your venture, the sort of examination, the subject, and the exploration issue. Be that as it may, all exploration questions should be engaged, explicit, suitably mind boggling, and applicable to a social or academic issue.

The examination inquiries for this study are:

1) Explain how artificial intelligence in smart cities will lead to improved decision-making in the health care sector.

2) What role can AI play in transforming current Healthcare to the Smart-Healthcare status?

3) What are the roles of AI in the creation of smart cities?

4) What will be the impact of introducing AI systems in GCC health systems?

5) How will patients benefit from AI services in GCC countries?

6) How will AI systems help to improve health care services in GCC countries?

1.4. Research Objectives

Artificial intelligence and some of its related technologies have become very prevalent, especially in the business sector, and their application in the health care sector has also started to increase. Artificial intelligence technologies have a great potential of changing different features and techniques of patient care and the health care facility management process. For instance, these technologies can be to establish a smarter health care framework that has powerful deep learning algorithms that are able to analyze the massive amount of health data provided by the health care sector. In this research, I will explain how artificial intelligence in smart cities will lead to improved decision-making in the health care sector as well as evaluate if artificial intelligence in smart cities has any benefits to the health care sector. Establishing the smart health care sector within the smart cities in the GCC will enable big data analytics using intelligent health care servers that will enable the care practitioners to have access to an enhanced sustainable health care system.

This research has two main objectives, which are:

1-