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1. Describe the similarities and differences between Total Quality Management (TQM) and Six Sigma quality-management techniques.

2. Discuss the aspects of TQM and how they apply in service- and product-based businesses.

3. Discuss the four types of process strategies and give an example of each. Also, please share any personal industry experiences (if any) with each process strategy.

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1. Operation managers need a way to determine if they are utilizing resources efficiently and effectively according to capacity. Having more resources does not necessarily mean there will be more outputs if processes are not efficient. System performance measures can help determine productivity standards/outputs and compare outputs to what is expected. There are two formulas to determine the percent of utilization and efficiency of system processes (Heizer, Render & Munson, 2020).

First, utilization determines the percentage of actual output to design capacity (the maximum output possible). Next, efficiency calculates the percentage of actual output to effective capacity (expected output considering variables such as maintenance and scheduling) (Heizer, Render & Munson, 2020). Most business will not always operate at full capacity due to operating issues that may occur at any given time. Therefore, effective capacity is a more realistic ratio to what is expected (Heizer, Render & Munson, 2020).

Sabrina,