The EU Directive 85/337/EEC on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) provided for the assessment of projects likely to have significant effects on the environment. With reference to EIA theory, to the nature of EU Directives, the formulation and text of 85/337/EEC in particular, and to the manner of its transposition into European law, discuss the extent to which the original Directive 885/337/EEC provided an effective framework for facilitating: a) Adequate applicability to the whole EIA ?environment?, b) Environmental protection and sustainable development, c) Un-biased evaluation od ?significant? environmental ?effects?, d) Public eonsulation/involvement in environmental planning and control, e) Standardisation of environmental procedures within and beyond the EU. In the event that you identify any deficiencies, were these addressed by the amendments from Directive 97/11/EC, the ?Arhus? Directive 2003/35/EC. Or the Carbon Dioxide Storage Directive 2009/31/EC (all formally consolidated as Directive 2011/92/EU), or by the SEA Directive 2001/42/EC ? and what further measures might you consider approiate?