1. Water-soluble hormones, such as proteins and peptide hormones, activate target cells using _______.

a. direct gene activation
b. the second-messenger system
c. steroid hormone action
d. diffusion

2. The most common stimulus for prodding endocrine glands into action is ________.

a. hormonal
b. humoral
c. neural
d. direct gene activation

3. The endocrine gland most closely associated with the hypothalamus is the ________.

a. thymus
b. pineal gland
c. thyroid gland
d. pituitary gland

4. The target organ of thyrotropic hormone (TH), or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), is the ________ gland.

a. adrenal
b. pineal
c. pituitary
d. thyroid

5. Alcohol suppresses the production of this hormone, ________, which normally promotes water retention and prevents dehydration.

a. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
b. aldosterone
c. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
d. cortisolUnit 3 Examination 128 GED 102 The Human Body

6. The hypothalamus makes two hormones, ________ and ________, that are stored by the posterior pituitary.

a. oxytocin; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
b. cortisol; aldosterone
c. growth hormone; prolactin
d. antidiuretic hormone (ADH); prolactin

7. Normal blood pH falls in a range between ________ to ________.

a. 7.1; 7.2
b. 7.35; 7.45
c. 7.6; 7.75
d. 7.85; 8.05

8. An important plasma protein that contributes to the osmotic pressure of blood is ________.

a. thyroglobulin
b. fibrin
c. albumin
d. glucose

9. The percentage of erythrocytes in blood is known as the ________.

a. hematocrit
b. buffy coat
c. hemoglobin
d. plasma

10. Each hemoglobin molecule is able to transport ________ molecule(s) of oxygen.

a. one
b. two
c. three
d. four

11. A decrease in the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood, for any reason, is a condition known as ________.

a. polycythemia
b. leukemia
c. anemia
d. leukocytosis

12. Life at a high altitude can lead to a red blood cell disorder known as ________.

a. anemia
b. polycythemia
c. leukocytosis
d. leukemia

13. The layer of the heart wall that receives the stimulus from letter E is called the ________.

a. pericardium
b. epicardium
c. endocardium
d. myocardium

14. The partition where the bundle branches are located is called the ________.

a. left atrioventricular groove
b. interatrial septum
c. interventricular septum
d. right atrioventricular groove

15. The pointed, inferior portion of the heart, known as the ________, rests on the diaphragm and is oriented toward the left hip.

a. base
b. mediastinum
c. apex
d. pericardium

16. The visceral layer of the serous pericardium is actually the same layer as the ________.

a. epicardium
b. myocardium
c. fibrous pericardium
d. endocardium

17. The two superior receiving chambers of the heart are known as the ________, while the two inferior discharging chambers of the heart are known as the ________.

a. ventricles; atria
b. atria; ventricles
c. arteries; veins
d. veins; arteries

18. The valves located between the atria and ventricles are known as the ________ valves.

a. pulmonary
b. atrioventricular (AV)
c. aortic
d. semilunar

19. Blood leaves the left ventricle through an artery known as the ________.

a. pulmonary trunk
b. aorta
c. superior vena cava
d. coronary sinus

20. Lymph fluid and some plasma proteins originate (escape) from the ________.

a. intracellular fluid
b. blood vascular system
c. endocrine system
d. respiratory system

21. Excess accumulation of fluid, which impairs the exchange of materials within the tissues, is called ________.

a. stroke
b. shock
c. edema
d. MALT (mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue)

22. The ________ duct drains lymph from the right arm and the right side of the head and thorax.

a. brachiocephalic
b. subclavian
c. thoracic
d. right lymphatic

23. Bacteria and tumor cells are removed from lymph by ________.

a. lymph nodes
b. tonsils
c. the spleen
d. thymus

24. The role of the ________ is to trap and remove bacteria or other foreign pathogens entering the throat.

a. thymus
b. spleen
c. tonsils
d. lymph node

25. Peyer’s patches and the tonsils are part of the collection of small lymphoid tissues that protect the upper respiratory and digestive tracts from infection and are referred to as ________.

a. lymph nodes
b. MALT or mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue
c. germinal centers
d. lymphatics