For your Final Essay Examination, you will respond to four of the five questions presented:

1. Why did Edwin H. Sutherland play such a prominent role in discovering ?white-collar crime? in the sense of defining it and making it an object of criminological study?

2. Describe and explain how feminist scholars succeeded in ?gendering criminology? in important ways. Provide examples to support your response.

a. Discuss the theory – Gendered pathways, by Miller & Mullins, 2006.

– Use reference: The SAGE Handbook of Criminological Theory, edited by Eugene McLaughlin, Tim Newburn. Sage Publications, Ltd.

3. Discuss how the conservatism of the 1980s created the context for the revitalization of the classical school and positivists? theories of holding the individual responsible their criminal behavior, and the subsequent return to incarceration as the answer to reducing crime.

4. Explain how the Routine Activity Theory is uniquely different from most other criminological theories regarding crime. How does this theory specifically propose to reduce crime?

5. Specifically, explain and discuss the concepts of Continuity, Change, Social Interactional and Cognitive Desistance within the framework of integrated and Life-Course Theories.

Note: You will come up with your own independent list of five scholarly citations. These citations will inform the content of your paper and will be listed in a properly formatted reference section at the end.

Your paper should be at least a minimum 825 words in APA style formatting.